A sprain is an injury to ligaments caused by being stretched beyond their normal capacity and possibly torn. A muscular tear caused in the same manner is referred to as a strain.

The typical signs and symptoms associated with a sprain are:

• inflammation
• localized pain
• swelling
• loss of function
• loss of normal limb function
• elasticity of ligament decrease

Although any joint can experience a sprain, some of the more common include:

• ankle (This is the most common)
• knee (One of the most commonly referred to is that to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee. This is a disabling sprain common to athletes, especially in rugby, basketball, soccer, pole vaulting, and judo.)
• fingers
• wrist
• toes.

The first modality for a sprain can be remembered using the acronym R.I.C.E.

• Rest: The sprain should be rested. No additional force should be applied on site of the sprain. If, for example, the sprain were an ankle sprain, then walking should be kept to a minimum.
   
• Ice: Ice should be applied immediately to the sprain to minimize swelling and ease pain. It can be applied for 20-30 minutes at a time, 3-4 times a day. Ice can be combined with a wrapping to minimize swelling and provide support.
   
• Compression: Dressings, bandages, or ace-wraps (elastic bandage) helps to increase the motion/drainage of the inflammatory process, which to speed up healing and to provide support.
   
• Elevate: Keeping the sprained joint elevated above heart level will also help to minimize swelling.

Ice, Ice, Ice and more Ice. Myosteopractic and R.I.C.E can help speed up the healing process. Myosteopractic assists in the alignment of the joint and the release of muscle tension in the area, as well as bringing the rest of the body back into balance. As the joint heals, Myosteopractic is helpful in rebalancing the body after various compensations eg limping. As the joint continues to heal, Myosteopractic is excellent in breaking down scar tissue that may continue to restrict movement.

The joint should be exercised again fairly soon, in milder cases from 1 to 3 days after injury. Special exercises are sometimes needed to regain strength and help reduce the risk of ongoing problems. The ankle may need to be supported by taping or bracing to help protect it from reinjury.

In cases where the ligaments and bone have been severely damaged, surgical repair may be necessary.